They are in the shape of a tadpole and interact with each other by harpooning between head and tail, thus presenting interesting and unexpected physical properties.

The key role of cation π interaction in graphene system in water treatment (membrane separation, adsorption), new material synthesis, nano power generation, energy storage, solution / composite dispersion and other applications is systematically summarized.

The hydrogen isotopic composition of sedimentary n-alkanes can be used to study paleoclimate, organic matter source and petroleum genesis.

Photosensitized generation of singlet oxygen has attracted a great deal of interest reaching applications in various fields owing to its high biological activity and strong oxidation.